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KMID : 0338420200350020392
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Korean Journal of Internal Medicine
2020 Volume.35 No. 2 p.392 ~ p.399
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Association between urinary sodium levels and iodine status in Korea
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Ahn Jong-Hwa
Lee Jang-Ho
Lee Ji-Woo
Baek Ji-Yeon
Song E-Yun
Oh Hye-Seon
Kim Mi-Jin
Park Su-Yeon
Jeon Min-Ji
Kim Tae-Yong
Kim Won-Bae
Shong Young-Kee
Kim Won-Gu
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Abstract
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Background/Aims: To evaluate the association between the urinary sodium concentration and iodine status in different age groups in Korea.
Methods: This nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional study used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (VI 2-3, 2014 to 2015). We included 3,645 subjects aged 10 to 75 years with normal kidney function and without a history of thyroid disease. Adequate iodine intake was defined as a urinary iodine/creatinine (I/Cr) ratio of 85 to 220 μg/g. The urinary sodium/ creatinine (Na/Cr) ratios were classified as low (< 47 mmol/g), intermediate (47 to 114 mmol/g), or high (> 114 mmol/g).
Results: The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 292 μg/L (interquartile range [IQR], 157 to 672), and the median urinary I/Cr ratio was 195 μg/g (IQR, 104 to 478). Iodine deficiency (< 100 μg/L) and iodine excess (> 300 μg/L) were observed in 11.3% and 49.0% of subjects, respectively. The UIC was significantly associated with the urinary sodium concentration, and the urinary I/Cr ratio was significantly correlated with the urinary Na/Cr ratio (both p < 0.001). The distributions of UIC, urinary I/Cr ratio, and Na/Cr ratio varied among age groups. Low urinary I/Cr and Na/Cr ratios were most common in young adults (age, 19 to 29 years), while high urinary I/Cr and Na/Cr ratios were most common in elderly people (age, 60 to 75 years).
Conclusions: Iodine intake was significantly associated with sodium intake in the Korean population. Our study suggested that an adequately low salt intake might be helpful for preventing iodine excess in Korea.
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KEYWORD
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Iodine, Sodium, Diet, Urine, Korea
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